食物类英语单词大全-食物英语词汇

食物类英语单词大全-食物英语词汇权威指南

系统掌握3000+食物相关英语词汇,覆盖食材、烹饪、餐饮、饮品等7大核心领域,助您轻松应对考试、职场与海外生活场景

基础食材:构建美食的基石

掌握食物类英语单词的基础是学习整个词汇体系的起点。这些词汇不仅是理解菜单和食谱的前提,更是日常交流、食品选购、营养搭配的关键。

〔蔬菜类〕

  • carrot(胡萝卜):富含β-胡萝卜素,常见于沙拉与炖菜
  • tomato(番茄): botanically a fruit, culinarily a vegetable
  • broccoli(西兰花):十字花科蔬菜,高纤维高维生素C
  • asparagus(芦笋):spring vegetable, known for its unique flavor
  • spinach(菠菜):leafy green rich in iron and folate
  • zucchini(西葫芦):summer squash, often used in stir-fries
  • kale(羽衣甘蓝):nutrient-dense superfood, trendy in salads
  • cauliflower(菜花):versatile low-carb substitute for rice/pasta

〔水果类〕

  • apple(苹果):常见品种 Granny Smith(青苹果)、Fuji(富士)
  • banana(香蕉): potassium-rich tropical fruit
  • strawberry(草莓):berry family, sweet and slightly tart
  • mango(芒果):tropical stone fruit, rich and creamy flesh
  • kiwi(猕猴桃):hairy skin, vibrant green flesh, high vitamin C
  • blueberry(蓝莓):antioxidant powerhouse, perfect for smoothies
  • coconut(椰子):multi-use: water, milk, oil, flesh
  • avocado(牛油果):botanically a berry, rich in healthy monounsaturated fats

〔肉类与家禽〕

  • beef(牛肉):from cattle, common cuts: steak, brisket, chuck
  • lamb(羊肉):from young sheep, distinct flavor profile
  • chicken(鸡肉):most consumed poultry worldwide
  • turkey(火鸡肉):traditional Thanksgiving staple
  • duck(鸭肉):richer flavor, often used in Chinese cuisine
  • steak(牛排):slice of beef, graded by marbling
  • mince(肉末):ground meat, used in sauces, burgers
  • bacon(培根):cured pork belly, smoky and salty

〔水产类〕

  • salmon(三文鱼):fatty fish rich in omega-3, often served raw or grilled
  • tuna(金枪鱼):dense, meaty flesh, used in sushi and sandwiches
  • shrimp(虾):shellfish, quick-cooking, versatile in global cuisines
  • crab(蟹):crustacean, sweet and tender meat
  • lobster(龙虾):premium seafood, symbol of luxury dining
  • scallop(扇贝):sweeter than other shellfish, seared to perfection
  • cod(鳕鱼):mild-flavored white fish, classic for fish and chips
  • oyster(牡蛎):raw delicacy, rich in zinc and minerals

〔谷物与豆类〕

  • rice(米): staple food for over half the world’s population
  • wheat(小麦): base for flour, bread, pasta
  • oats(燕麦):common in breakfast cereals and porridge
  • flour(面粉):ground wheat, essential for baking
  • pasta(意大利面):various shapes like spaghetti, penne, fusilli
  • quinoa(藜麦):pseudo-grain, complete protein source
  • lentil(小扁豆):pulse, cooks quickly, rich in protein
  • soybean(大豆):base for tofu, soy milk, tempeh

〔乳制品与蛋类〕

  • milk(牛奶):source of calcium and protein
  • cheese(奶酪):hundreds of varieties—cheddar, mozzarella, feta
  • yogurt(酸奶):fermented milk, contains probiotics
  • butter(黄油):dairy fat, essential in baking and finishing
  • cream(奶油):high-fat dairy, used in sauces and desserts
  • egg(蛋):protein powerhouse, cooking versatility unmatched
  • whipped cream(鲜奶油):aerated cream, sweetened for desserts
延伸知识:常见蔬菜部位英语表达

学习食物类英语单词时,了解食材的具体部位名称至关重要:

  • stem(茎):celery stalks, asparagus spears
  • leaf(叶):lettuce leaves, cabbage leaves
  • root(根):carrot root, beet root
  • bulb(球茎):onion bulb, garlic bulb
  • flower(花):broccoli florets, cauliflower florets
  • seed(籽):pea seeds, bean seeds
  • peel/skin(皮):banana peel, potato skin

烹饪方法与加工术语

掌握烹饪动词是理解食谱、描述菜肴制作过程、参与厨房对话的核心技能。这些词汇在职业英语考试中高频出现。

• bake(烘烤)

用干热在封闭空间中加热,常用于面包、蛋糕、披萨。例:bake at 180°C for 25 minutes

• roast(烤制)

适用于大块肉类(如火鸡、牛肉)或根茎类蔬菜(土豆、胡萝卜)。常先涂油,表面焦化形成风味层。

• grill(烧烤)

高温直接加热,食物表面产生烤痕和焦香。美式拼写为 broil(烤箱上火加热)。

• sauté(快炒)

中高温用少量油快速翻炒,保持食材鲜嫩与色泽。法式烹饪核心技法之一。

• fry(煎/炸)

  • pan-fry(煎):浅油层,如煎牛排
  • deep-fry(炸):全浸油中,如炸薯条、春卷

• boil(煮沸)

°C水沸腾状态,用于煮 pasta、potatoes、eggs。例:boil for 10 minutes

• simmer(文火炖煮)

微沸状态(约90–95°C),汤汁轻微冒泡。适合炖肉、汤羹,避免食材散烂。

• steam(蒸)

利用蒸汽加热,保留营养与原味。常见于鱼类、饺子、蔬菜。

• stew(炖)

食材与液体一同长时间慢煮,肉质酥烂,汤汁浓郁。例:beef stew

• braise(焖烧)

先煎后炖:高温上色 → 加液体 → 低温慢炖。适合 tough cuts of meat(如牛腩、猪蹄)。

• wash(清洗)

去除表面污垢与农药残留。例:thoroughly wash the vegetables

• peel(削皮)

用工具去除果皮/菜皮。例:peel the potatoes and cut into cubes

• dice(切丁)

切成约0.5–1cm小方块。例:dice the onion finely

• slice(切片)

薄片状,如切黄瓜、番茄、苹果。

• mince(剁碎)

极细碎,常用于大蒜、姜、香草。例:minced garlic

• mix(混合)

基础搅拌,如混合干料或面糊。

• stir(搅拌)

用勺或打蛋器轻柔搅动,避免过度。

• whisk(打发)

快速搅打使空气进入,如打蛋液、奶油。

• blend(融合)

使用搅拌机彻底混合,如奶昔、酱汁。

• season(调味)

加盐、胡椒等基础调料。例:season to taste

⚠️ 易混淆烹饪术语辨析

grill vs broil:英式 grill 是顶部热源(类似烤箱 broil),美式 grill 是底部热源(炭火/燃气烤架)。

simmer vs boil:simmer 水面仅轻微波动,boil 持续剧烈冒泡。

chop vs dice:chop 是随意切块,dice 是标准切丁;chop 更粗犷,dice 更规整。

调味品、香草与香料

调味是食物的灵魂所在。掌握这些词汇能帮助您精准复刻异国风味,理解菜单描述,甚至与厨师无障碍交流。

〔基础调味〕

  • salt(盐):enhances flavor, preserves food
  • sugar(糖):sweetener, balances acidity
  • soy sauce(酱油):umami-rich, fermented soybean liquid
  • olive oil(橄榄油):monounsaturated fat, Mediterranean staple
  • vinegar(醋):balsamic vinegar(意大利香醋)、rice vinegar(米醋)
  • sesame oil(芝麻油):aromatic oil, East Asian cuisine essential

〔香草类〕(通常用新鲜叶片)

  • basil(罗勒):Italian dishes, pesto base
  • parsley(欧芹):garnish, fresh flavor
  • cilantro / coriander(香菜):Mexican/Asian dishes; coriander leaves(英式)
  • mint(薄荷):tea, desserts, Middle Eastern cuisine
  • rosemary(迷迭香):roasted meats, potatoes
  • thyme(百里香):soups, stews, poultry

〔香料类〕(多为干燥种子/根茎)

  • black pepper(黑胡椒):universal seasoning
  • cinnamon(肉桂):sweet & savory, baked goods
  • ginger(姜):fresh or dried, anti-inflammatory
  • garlic(大蒜):aromatic base, raw or cooked
  • cumin(孜然):Mexican, Indian, Middle Eastern
  • paprika(红椒粉):smoked or sweet, Spanish cuisine
  • nutmeg(肉豆蔻):baking, béchamel sauce

• basil(罗勒)

高温久煮会发黑,宜出锅前加入;新鲜罗勒切丝(chiffonade)更易释放香气。

• cilantro(香菜)

茎部也可入菜;根部风味最浓,常用于东南亚酱料打底。

• rosemary(迷迭香)

质地坚硬,需去梗留叶;与羊肉、土豆是绝配。

• garam masala(印度混合香料)

肉桂、丁香、小豆蔻、孜然等混合,炖菜或炖饭最后撒入。

• five-spice powder(五香粉)

角、桂皮、花椒、小茴香、胡椒,中式卤味核心。

• za’atar(中东香料)

里香、芝麻、盐、橄榄油混合,配面包蘸食。

餐饮类别与菜肴名称

将前述词汇组合应用,形成具体菜肴与餐饮场景认知。掌握这些表达,让您点餐不犯难,读菜单如母语者。

• breakfast(早餐)

常见:scrambled eggs(炒蛋)、bacon(培根)、toast(吐司)、pancakes(煎饼)、oatmeal(燕麦粥)

• brunch(早午餐)

late morning meal, e.g., eggs Benedict(班尼迪克蛋)、mimosas(香槟橙汁)

• lunch(午餐)

lighter meal: sandwiches, salads, soups

• afternoon tea(下午茶)

英国传统:scones(司康饼)、clotted cream、jam、biscuits

• dinner/supper(晚餐)

主餐,家庭/正式场合;美式 supper 常指家庭晚餐

• appetizer / starter(开胃菜)

bruschetta(意式番茄面包)、calamari(炸鱿鱼)、spring rolls(春卷)

• main course / entree(主菜)

beef tenderloin(菲力牛排)、grilled salmon(烤三文鱼)、chicken parmesan(帕尔玛干酪鸡)

• side dish(配菜)

cauliflower rice(花菜饭)、roasted vegetables(烤蔬菜)、mashed potatoes(土豆泥)

• dessert(甜品)

cheesecake(芝士蛋糕)、 tiramisu(提拉米苏)、crème brûlée(焦糖布丁)

• beverage(饮品)

wine, coffee, cocktail;非酒精:sparkling water(气泡水)、herbal tea(草本茶)

• 意大利菜

  • pasta carbonara(奶油培根意面):eggs, pecorino, guanciale, black pepper
  • risotto(意大利烩饭):arborio rice, constant stirring
  • gnocchi(土豆意面团):pillow-like, often with sage-butter sauce

• 法式料理

  • coq au vin(红酒烩鸡):braised chicken in red wine
  • duck confit(油封鸭腿):slow-cooked in its own fat
  • crème brûlée(焦糖布丁):vanilla custard with caramelized sugar top

• 墨西哥菜

  • taco(塔可饼):corn/wheat tortilla with filling
  • burrito(卷饼):large flour tortilla wrapped around rice, beans, meat
  • guacamole(鳄梨酱):avocado, onion, tomato, lime, cilantro

• 日本料理

  • sushi(寿司):vinegared rice with raw fish
  • ramen(拉面):noodle soup with broth, pork, egg
  • tempura(天妇罗):battered and deep-fried seafood/vegetables
〔拓展〕常见菜单术语解析

al dente(意大利语):面条有嚼劲,不软烂;house special(店家特色):推荐菜;à la carte(单点):非套餐;buffet(自助餐):self-service meal;family-style(家常式):大份共享装盘

饮品词汇大全

饮品是餐饮体验的重要组成部分。掌握这部分词汇,让您在咖啡馆、酒吧、餐厅游刃有余。

〔非酒精饮品〕

  • water:still(静矿水)、sparkling(气泡水)、seltzer(苏打水)
  • juice:orange juice(橙汁)、apple juice(苹果汁)、pomegranate juice(石榴汁)
  • coffee:espresso(浓缩)、latte(拿铁)、cappuccino(卡布奇诺)、americano(美式)、mocha(摩卡)
  • tea:black tea(红茶)、green tea(绿茶)、oolong tea(乌龙茶)、herbal tea(草本茶)、chamomile(洋甘菊)
  • soft drink:soda(汽水)、cola、lemon-lime soda(柠檬苏打)
  • smoothie(思慕雪):blended fruits/veggies, often with yogurt or milk

〔酒精饮品〕

  • wine:red wine(红葡萄酒)、white wine(白葡萄酒)、rose wine(桃红葡萄酒)
  • beer:lager(拉格啤酒)、ale(艾尔啤酒)、stout( stout黑啤)、ipa(印度淡色艾尔)
  • spirits:whiskey(威士忌)、vodka(伏特加)、gin(金酒)、rum(朗姆酒)、tequila(龙舌兰)
  • cocktail:martini(马天尼)、margarita(玛格丽塔)、mojito(莫吉托)、old fashion(古典)
  • champagne(香槟):sparkling wine from Champagne region

• espresso(浓缩咖啡)

用高压萃取,风味浓烈,是多数咖啡的基础。

• latte(拿铁)

espresso + steamed milk + light foam;奶泡较薄。

• cappuccino(卡布奇诺)

equal parts espresso, steamed milk, milk foam;奶泡厚实。

• americano(美式咖啡)

espresso + hot water;口感接近滴滤咖啡。

• flat white( fla白咖啡)

Aussie/New Zealand specialty:double espresso + microfoam(微泡牛奶)

• shaken(摇匀)

Ingredients shaken with ice in a cocktail shaker;保留果泥/蛋清用此法。

• stirred(搅拌)

Gently stirred with ice;用于清澈鸡尾酒(如 martini),避免稀释过度。

• muddled(捣碎)

Mint/fruit crushed in glass to release flavors;如 mojito 的薄荷。

• garnish(装饰)

Orange twist(橙皮卷)、cherry(樱桃)、lime wedge(青柠角)

特殊饮食与食品描述

现代饮食文化多元,掌握相关表达对健康饮食、过敏管理、文化尊重至关重要。

• vegetarian(素食者)

Eat plant foods + dairy/eggs;避免肉、禽、鱼。

• vegan(严格素食者)

排除所有动物产品:肉、蛋、奶、蜂蜜等。

• gluten-free(无麸质)

Avoid wheat, barley, rye;for celiac disease or sensitivity。

• dairy-free(无乳制品)

No milk, cheese, yogurt, butter;use almond/soy milk替代。

• nut-free(无坚果)

Avoid peanuts and tree nuts;common allergen warning。

• 基本味道

  • sweet(甜)
  • sour(酸)
  • bitter(苦)
  • salty(咸)
  • spicy/hot(辣)
  • savory/umami(鲜)

• 口感描述

  • crispy/crunchy(脆)
  • tender(嫩)
  • chewy(有嚼劲)
  • creamy(奶油状)
  • flaky(酥脆层状,如派皮)
  • juicy(多汁)

• 风味强度

  • light(清淡):low-fat, low-sugar
  • rich(浓郁):high-fat, intense flavor
  • bold(浓郁强烈)
  • mild(温和)
  • aromatic(芳香)

• fresh(新鲜的)

未加工、未冷冻;如 fresh vegetables(新鲜蔬菜)

• frozen(冷冻的)

Flash-frozen to lock in nutrients;convenient option

• canned(罐装的)

Preserved in metal cans;e.g., canned tomatoes, beans

• dried(干制的)

Dehydrated for long shelf life;raisins, dried apricots, jerky

• raw(生的)

Uncooked;sushi-grade fish, raw vegetables

• ripe(熟透的)

At peak ripeness;perfect for eating raw or in desserts

〔实用〕点餐时的饮食需求表达

  • I’m allergic to peanuts.(我对花生过敏。)
  • Could I have this without dairy?(能做无乳制品版本吗?)
  • Is this dish vegetarian?(这道菜是素食吗?)
  • I follow a gluten-free diet.(我吃无麸质饮食。)
  • Do you have a vegan menu?(有纯素食菜单吗?)

餐饮服务与场景实用词汇

将词汇融入真实场景,是掌握食物类英语单词的最高阶段。从点餐到结账,每个环节都需专业表达。

〔就餐地点〕

  • restaurant(餐厅)
  • café(咖啡馆)
  • fast-food restaurant(快餐店)
  • buffet(自助餐)
  • food court(美食广场)
  • bakery(烘焙店)
  • patisserie(西饼屋)
  • food truck(餐车)

〔餐具与器皿〕

  • plate(盘子)
  • bowl(碗)
  • fork(叉)
  • knife(刀)
  • spoon(勺)
  • chopsticks(筷子)
  • glass(玻璃杯)
  • cup(杯子)
  • napkin(餐巾)

〔点餐与结账〕

  • menu(菜单)
  • specialty dish(特色菜)
  • recommendation(推荐菜)
  • order(点餐)
  • bill / check(账单)
  • tip(小费)
  • takeaway / takeout(外卖)
  • reservation(预约)

〔烹饪设备〕

  • oven(烤箱)
  • stove(炉灶)
  • refrigerator / fridge(冰箱)
  • microwave(微波炉)
  • blender(搅拌机)
  • toaster(烤面包机)
  • slow cooker(慢炖锅)
  • pressure cooker(高压锅)
〔场景对话〕餐厅点餐实用句型

Customer: “Hi, we have a reservation under Smith.”
Staff: “Right this way, your table is ready.”
Customer: “Could I see the wine list, please?”
Staff: “Certainly! Our house red is a 2020 Cabernet Sauvignon—would you like a taste?”
Customer: “Yes, please. Also, could I get the chicken breast, grilled, with steamed vegetables and mashed potatoes?”
Staff: “Certainly. Any dressing on the side?”
Customer: “Yes, olive oil and balsamic vinegar, if you have it.”
Staff: “Of course. I’ll bring your wine shortly.”

〔点餐前必问〕过敏与饮食禁忌
  • “Does this dish contain nuts?”(这道菜含坚果吗?)
  • “Is the broth made with shellfish?”(高汤用海鲜熬的吗?)
  • “Can you prepare this without soy sauce?”(能不用酱油做吗?)
  • “Is this fried in the same oil as shellfish?”(和海鲜同锅炸的吗?)